15 de Nadal M , Ausina A , Sahuquillo J , Pedraza S , Garnacho A , Gancedo VA . Effects on intracranial pressure of fentanyl in severe head injured patients . In : Marmarou A , Bullock R , Avezaat C , Baethmann A , Becker D , Brock M , et al . ( eds .) Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring in Brain Injury . New York : Springer-Verlag Wien ; 1998 . p . 10 – 12 .
16 Hartsfield SM . Airway management and ventilation . In : Tranquilli WJ , Thurmon JC , Grimm KA . ( eds .) Lumb and Jones ’ Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia . 4th ed . Oxford : Blackwell ; 2007 . p . 495 – 512 .
17 Hung WC , Ko JC , Weil AB , Weng HY . Evaluation of endotracheal tube cuff pressure and the use of three cuff inflation syringe devices in dogs . Frontiers in Veterinary Science . 2020 ; 7 : 39 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.3389 / fvets . 2020.00039 .
18 Robertson SA , Gogolski SM , Pascoe P , Shafford HL , Sager J , Griffenhagen GM . AAFP feline anesthesia guidelines . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2018 ; 20 ( 7 ): 602 – 634 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X18781391 .
19 White DM , Redondo JI , Mair AR , Martinez-Taboada F . The effect of user experience and inflation technique on endotracheal tube cuff pressure using a feline airway simulator . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2017 ; 44 ( 5 ): 1076 – 1084 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2016.11.006 .
20 Quandt JE . Postintubation tracheal tears in cats . Clinicians Brief . 2017 . Available from : https :// www . cliniciansbrief . com / article / postintubation-tracheal-tears-cats [ Accessed 2 August 2022 ].
21 Mitchell SL , McCarthy R , Rudloff E , Pernell RT . Tracheal rupture associated with intubation in cats : 20 cases ( 1996 – 1998 ). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association . 2000 ; 216 ( 10 ): 1592 – 1595 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.2460 / javma . 2000.216.1592 .
22 Guenther-Yenke CL , Rozanski EA . Tracheostomy in cats : 23 cases ( 1998 – 2006 ). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2007 ; 9 ( 6 ): 451 – 457 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . jfms . 2007.06.002 .
23 Diez Bernal S , Iff I . Airway management by transmylohyoid endotracheal intubation in two cats with mandibular trauma . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2019 ; 46 ( 3 ): 405 – 406 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2019.01.007 .
24 Soukup JW , Snyder CJ . Transmylohyoid orotracheal intubation in surgical management of canine maxillofacial fractures : an alternative to pharyngotomy endotracheal intubation . Veterinary Surgery . 2014 ; 44 ( 4 ): 432 – 436 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1532-950X . 2014.12138 . x .
25 Kanda T , Oishi Y , Kajiyama A , Shimizu Y , Maeta N , Furumoto K , et al . Effect of a heat and moisture exchanger on temperature and humidity of inhaled gas in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2020 ; 47 ( 3 ): 377 – 380 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2020.02.003 .
26 Khenissi L , Covey-Crump G , Knowles TG , Murrell J . Do heat and moisture exchangers in the anaesthesia breathing circuit preserve body temperature in dogs undergoing anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging ? Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2017 ; 44 ( 3 ): 452 – 460 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2016.05.016 .
27 McNally EM , Robertson SA , Pablo LS . Comparison of time to desaturation between preoxygenated and nonpreoxygenated dogs following sedation with acepromazine maleate and morphine and induction of anesthesia with propofol . American Journal of Veterinary Research . 2009 ; 70 ( 11 ): 1333 – 1338 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.2460 / ajvr . 70.11.1333 .
28 Grubb T , Lobprise H . Local and regional anaesthesia in dogs and cats : overview of concepts and drugs ( Part 1 ). Veterinary Medicine and Science . 2020 ; 6 ( 2 ): 209 – 217 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1002 / vms3.219 .
29 Brearley JC . Use of xylocaine spray in cats . Veterinary Record . 2010 ; 167 ( 16 ): 627 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1136 / vr . c5684 .
30 Dowers K . Don ' t eat that ! Toxicities in cats ( Proceedings ). DVM 360 . 2011 . Available from : https :// www . dvm360 . com / view / donteat-toxicities-cats-proceedings [ Accessed 2 August 2022 ].
31 NOAH Compendium . Intubeaze ® 20 mg / ml Oromucosal Spray for Cats . Available from : https :// www . noahcompendium . co . uk /? id = - 449857 & template = template _ printview [ Accessed 2 August 2022 ].
32 Sakai DM , Zornow KA , Campoy L , Cable C , Appel LD , Putnam HJ , et al . Intravenous rocuronium 0.3 mg / kg improves the conditions for tracheal intubation in cats : a randomized , placebo-controlled trial . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2018 ; 20 ( 12 ): 1124 – 1129 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X18754425 .
33 Grubb T . Respiratory compromise . In : Duke-Novakovski T , de Vries M , Seymour C . ( eds .) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 3rd ed . Gloucester : British Small Animal Veterinary Association ; 2016 . p . 314 – 328 .
34 Brodbelt DC , Pfeiffer DU , Young LE , Wood JLN . Risk factors for anaesthetic-related death in cats : results from the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities ( CEPSAF ). British Journal of Anaesthesia . 2007 ; 99 ( 5 ): 617 – 623 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1093 / bja / aem229 .
35 Fawcett A , Barrs V , Awad M , Child G , Brunel L , Mooney E , et al . Consequences and management of canine brachycephaly in veterinary practice : perspectives from Australian veterinarians and veterinary specialists . Animals . 2018 ; 9 ( 1 ): 3 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.3390 / ani9010003 .
36 Mosing M . General principles of perioperative care . In : Duke- Novakovski T , de Vries M , Seymour C . ( eds .) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 3rd ed . Gloucester : British Small Animal Veterinary Association ; 2016 . p . 13 – 23 .
37 Vance A , Hofmeister EH , Laas C , Williams J . The effects of extubation with an inflated versus deflated endotracheal tube cuff on endotracheal fluid volume in the dog . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2011 ; 38 ( 3 ): 203 – 207 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1467-2995.2011.00610 . x .
38 Egger C . Anaesthetic complications , accidents and emergencies . In : Duke-Novakovski T , de Vries M , Seymour C . ( eds .) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 3rd ed . Gloucester : British Small Animal Veterinary Association ; 2016 . p . 428 – 444 .
39 Norgate D , Palacios Jimenez C . A rare complication associated with the endotracheal tube during extubation in a cat . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2017 ; 44 ( 6 ): 1401 – 1403 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2017.04.008 .
40 Sanchis Mora S , Seymour C . An unusual complication of endotracheal intubation . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2011 ; 38 ( 2 ): 158 – 159 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1467-2995.2011.00593 . x .
41 Ellis J , Leece EA . Nebulized adrenaline in the postoperative management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in a Pug . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association . 2017 ; 53 ( 2 ): 107 – 110 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.5326 / JAAHA-MS-6466 .
42 Langton SD , Blevins MB . The time required to achieve endotracheal intubation in dogs : a comparison of veterinary students and qualified veterinary surgeons . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2021 ; 48 ( 5 ): 745 – 748 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2021.05.002 .
43 Yoon SZ , Jeon YS , Kim YC , Lim YJ , Ha JW , Bahk JH , et al . The safety of reused endotracheal tubes sterilized according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines . Journal of Clinical Anesthesia . 2007 ; 19 ( 5 ): 360 – 364 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . jclinane . 2007.02.009 .
56 Veterinary Nursing Journal