Plus-Hex CLINICAL
Assessment of learning
1 . What muscles close the c-shape of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea ?
( a ) Cervical ( b ) Trachealis ( c ) Thyrohyoid ( d ) Cricoarytenoids
2 . What type of capnography waveform is seen if the ETT is kinked ?
( a ) Cardiogenic oscillations ( b ) Mole hill ( c ) Shark fin ( d ) Spiked
3 . What cranial nerve innervates the epiglottis and can cause bradycardia if stimulated ?
( a ) Vagus ( b ) Glossopharyngeal ( c ) Facial ( d ) Hypoglossal
4 . What is the ideal ETT cuff pressure when measured with a manometer ?
( a ) 16 mmHg ( b ) 24 mmHg ( c ) 30 mmHg ( d ) 36 mmHg 5 . When is an appropriate time to extubate a cat ? ( a ) When the anaesthetic agent has been discontinued ( b ) When their respiratory rate is > 20 breaths / min ( c ) When they swallow three times ( d ) When they flick their ear if the pinna is brushed
1 . ( b ) Trachealis 2 . ( c ) Shark fin 3 . ( a ) Vagus 4 . ( b ) 24 mmHg 5 . ( d ) When they flick their ear if the pinna is brushed
Answers
REFERENCES
1 ter Haar G , Oechtering GU . Brachycephalic airway disease . In : Brockman DJ , Holt DE , ter Haa G ( eds .) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head , Neck and Thoracic surgery . 2nd ed . Gloucester : British Small Animal Veterinary Association ; 2018 . p . 82 – 91 .
2 Hughes L . Breathing systems and ancillary equipment . In : Duke- Novakovski T , de Vries M , Seymour C . ( eds .) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 3rd ed . Gloucester : British Small Animal Veterinary Association ; 2016 . p . 45 – 64 .
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7 van Oostrom H , Krauss MW , Sap R . A comparison between the v-gel supraglottic airway device and the cuffed endotracheal tube for airway management in spontaneously breathing cats during isoflurane anaesthesia . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2013 ; 40 ( 3 ): 265 – 271 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / vaa . 12015 .
8 Sideri AI , Galatos AD , Kazakos GM , Gouletsou PG . Gastrooesophageal reflux during anaesthesia in the kitten : comparison between use of a laryngeal mask airway or an endotracheal tube . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2009 ; 36 ( 6 ): 547 – 554 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1467-2995.2009.00499 . x .
9 Kim H , Kang K , Sung T , Rhee S , Son W , Yoon J et al . Measurement of tracheal diameters using ultrasonography versus computed tomography in Beagle dogs . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2022 ; 49 ( 5 ): 463 – 467 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2022.07.002 .
10 Auckburally A , Flaherty D . Airway management Part 1 . Available from : https :// www . scvetspecialists . co . uk / about-us / news / december-2017 / airway-management-part-1 [ Accessed 2 August 2022 ].
11 Norgate D , Ter Haar G , Kulendra N , Veres-Nyéki KO . A comparison of the effect of propofol and alfaxalone on laryngeal motion in nonbrachycephalic and brachycephalic dogs . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2018 ; 45 ( 6 ): 729 – 736 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2018.06.013 .
12 Thompson KR , Rioja E . Effects of intravenous and topical laryngeal lidocaine on heart rate , mean arterial pressure and cough response to endotracheal intubation in dogs . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2016 ; 43 ( 4 ): 371 – 378 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / vaa . 12303 .
13 Panti A , Cafrita IC , Clark L . Effect of intravenous lidocaine on cough response to endotracheal intubation in propofol-anaesthetized dogs . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2016 ; 43 ( 4 ): 405 – 411 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / vaa . 12332 .
14 Bravo VR , Palomba N , Corletto F , Willis R , Vettorato E . Comparison between intravenous lidocaine and fentanyl on cough reflex and sympathetic response during endotracheal intubation in dogs . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia . 2020 ; 47 ( 4 ): 481 – 489 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vaa . 2019.11.009 .
Volume 38 ( 3 ) • June 2023
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