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2 Brown DC, Boston RC, Farrar JT. Comparison of force plate gait analysis and owner assessment of pain using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory in dogs with osteoarthritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2013; 27( 1): 22 – 30. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1111 / jvim. 12004.

3 Fuentes Beneytez MI. Efficacy of Tui-na massage in combination with conventional medication for treatment of canine osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine. 2021; 16( 2): 11 – 22. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.59565 / 001c. 84096.

4 Mille MA, McClement J, Lauer S. Physiotherapeutic strategies and their current evidence for canine osteoarthritis. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10( 1): 2. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.3390 / vetsci10010002.

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6 Wall R. Introduction to myofascial trigger points in dogs. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. 2014; 29( 2): 43 – 48. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1053 / j. tcam. 2013.11.001.

7 Lane DM, Hill SA. Effectiveness of combined acupuncture and manual therapy relative to no treatment for canine musculoskeletal pain. Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2016; 57( 4): 407 – 414. Available from: https:// pmc. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / articles / PMC4790233 / [ Accessed 13 May 2026 ].

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