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6 St Denis K. Managing feline urethral obstruction. Today ' s Veterinary Practice. 2020; 10( 6): 78 – 83. Available from: https:// todaysveterinarypractice. com / urology-renal-medicine / managingfeline-urethral-obstruction / [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
7 Boag A. Electrolyte and acid – base balance. In King LG, Boag A.( eds.) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care. 3rd ed. Gloucester: BSAVA; 2022. p. 44 – 54.
8 Thomovsky EJ. Managing the common comorbidities of feline urethral obstruction. DVM360. 2011. Available from: https:// www. dvm360. com / view / managing-common-comorbidities-felineurethral-obstruction [ Accessed 22 January 2025 ].
9 Sabino CV. Urethral obstruction in cats. Clinician ' s Brief. 2017. Available from: https:// www. cliniciansbrief. com / article / urethralobstruction-cats [ Accessed 21 January 2025 ].
10 Haskey E. Acute kidney injury. The Veterinary Nurse. 2019; 10( 1): 19 – 25. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / clinical / acute-kidney-injury / [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
11 Foster JD, Humm K. Renal and urinary tract emergencies. In King LG, Boag A.( eds.) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care. 3rd ed. Gloucester: BSAVA; 2022. p. 123 – 136.
12 Orme H. Nursing a patient with feline urethral obstruction – a patient care report. The Veterinary Nurse. 2015; 6( 10): 23 – 28. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / patient-report / nursing-a-patient-with-feline-urethralobstruction-a-patient-care-report [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
13 George CM, Grauer GF. Feline urethral obstruction: diagnosis and management. Today’ s Veterinary Practice. 2016; 6( 4): 40 – 48. Available from: https:// todaysveterinarypractice. com / urology-renalmedicine / feline-urethral-obstruction-diagnosis-management / [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
14 Benaryeh B, Statz G. The case: the“ complicated” blocked cat. Clinician ' s Brief. 2014. Available from: https:// www. cliniciansbrief. com / article / case-complicated-blocked-cat [ Accessed 7 January 2025 ].
15 Cooper ES, Owens TJ, Chew DJ, Buffington CAT. A protocol for managing urethral obstruction in male cats without urethral catheterization. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2010; 237( 11): 1261 – 1266. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.2460 / javma. 237.11.1261.
22 Bloor C. Urinary catheters: indications for use and management. The Veterinary Nurse. 2018; 9( 2): 102 – 107. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / clinical / urinarycatheters-indications-for-use-and-management [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
23 Fröhlich L, Hartmann K, Sautter-Louis C, Dorsch R. Postobstructive diuresis in cats with naturally occurring lower urinary tract obstruction: incidence, severity and association with laboratory parameters on admission. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2015; 18( 10): 809 – 817. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1177 / 1098612X15594842.
24 Haslam C. Critical nursing care of feline urethral obstruction – a case study. Veterinary Nursing Journal. 2024; 39( 3): 40 – 48. Available from: https:// bvna. org. uk / blog / critical-nursing-care-of-felineurethral-obstruction-a-case-study / [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
25 Royal Canin. What is the best cat food for urinary health? 2018. Available from: https:// www. royalcanin. com / us / cats / health-andwellbeing / best-cat-food-for-supporting-bladder-health [ Accessed 7 January 2025 ].
26 Ellis S. The Veterinary Nurse workshops 2015: feline patients and stress. The Veterinary Nurse. 2015; 6( 2): 78 – 82. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / clinical / theveterinary-nurse-workshops-2015-feline-patients-and-stress [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
27 Vine K. Stress and anxiety implications on long-term patients – nursing considerations. The Veterinary Nurse. 2019; 10( 10): 516 – 519. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / clinical / stress-and-anxiety-implications-on-long-term-patientsnursing-considerations [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
28 Pereira JS, Fragoso S, Beck A, Lavigne S, Varejão AS, Pereira GG. Improving the feline veterinary consultation: the usefulness of Feliway spray in reducing cats ' stress. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2016; 18( 12): 947 – 1040. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1177 / 1098612X15599420.
29 Lumbis RH. How to place commonly used feeding tubes in dogs and cats. The Veterinary Nurse. 2017; 8( 2): 104 – 115. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / practical / how-toplace-commonly-used-feeding-tubes-in-dogs-and-cats [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
16 Cooper E. Step-by-step: urethral deobstruction in cats. Clinician ' s Brief. 2017. Available from: https:// www. cliniciansbrief. com / article / urethral-deobstruction-cats [ Accessed 21 January 2025 ].
17 Webb G. Urethral obstruction in the male cat. The Veterinary Nurse. 2018; 9( 7): 372 – 377. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / clinical / urethral-obstruction-inthe-male-cat / [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
18 Brown C. Patient care report for feline patient with urethral obstruction. The Veterinary Nurse. 2013; 4( 8): 488 – 493. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / clinical / patient-care-report-for-feline-patient-with-urethral-obstruction [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
19 Endersby S. Setting up a cat friendly clinic. The Veterinary Nurse. 2018; 9( 6): 284 – 293. Available from: https:// www. theveterinarynurse. com / content / education / setting-up-a-catfriendly-clinic [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
20 Calder CD. Enhancing well-being by minimizing stress. DVM360. 2024. Available from: https:// www. dvm360. com / view / enhancingwell-being-by-minimizing-stress [ Accessed 19 January 2025 ].
21 Simon BT. Update on clinical acute pain assessment in cats. Today ' s Veterinary Practice. 2020; 10( 6): 59 – 66. Available from: https:// todaysveterinarypractice. com / pain _ management / update-on-clinical-acute-pain-assessment-in-cats / [ Accessed 25 September 2025 ].
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Volume 40( 6) • December 2025
55