32 Fitria L, Wijayanti N, Arisuryanti T, Salasia SIO. Health comparison between guinea pigs raised in uncontrolled and controlled environments. Veterinary World. 2022; 15( 6): 1575 – 1582. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.14202 / vetworld. 2022.1575-1582.
33 Robinson NJ, Lyons E, Grindlay D, Brennan ML. Veterinarian nominated common conditions of rabbits and guinea pigs compared with published literature. Veterinary Sciences. 2017; 4( 4): 58. Available at: https:// doi. org / 10.3390 / vetsci4040058.
34 University of Cambridge. Guinea pigs. 2023. Available from: https:// www. cam. ac. uk / research / research-at-cambridge / animalresearch / what-types-of-animal-do-we-use / guinea-pigs [ Accessed 29 December 2023 ].
35 Kiani AK, Pheby D, Henehan G, Brown R, Sieving P, Sykora P, et al. Ethical considerations regarding animal experimentation. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene. 2022; 63( Suppl 3): E255 – E266. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.15167 / 2421-4248 / jpmh2022.63.2S3.2768.
36 RCVS Knowledge. EBVM Toolkit 1: Asking an answerable clinical question. 2022. Available from: https:// knowledge. rcvs. org. uk / document-library / ebvm-toolkit-1-asking-an-answerable-clinicalquestion / [ Accessed 5 December 2022 ].
37 Wakefield A. Synthesising the literature as part of a literature review. Nursing Standard. 2015; 29( 29): 44 – 51. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.7748 / ns. 29.29.44. e8957.
38 Moule P, Aveyard H, Goodman M. Nursing Research: An Introduction. 3rd ed. London: SAGE; 2017. p. 42.
39 Caldwell K, Henshaw L, Taylor G. Developing a framework for critiquing health research: an early evaluation. Nurse Education Today. 2011; 31( 8): e1 – e7. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. nedt. 2010.11.025.
40 Snyder H. Literature review as a research methodology: an overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research. 2019; 104: 333 – 339. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jbusres. 2019.07.039.
41 Kraus S, Breier M, Lim W, Dabic M, Kumar S, Kanbach D. et al. Literature reviews as independent studies: guidelines for academic practice. Review of Managerial Science. 2022( 16): 2577 – 2595. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1007 / s11846-022-00588-8.
42 Smith GD. Systematic reviews: when should they be updated? Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2022; 32( 9 – 10): e17 – e18. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1111 / jocn. 16547.
43 Williamson GR, Whittaker A. Succeeding in Literature Reviews & Research Project Plans for Nursing Students. 4th ed. London: SAGE; 2020. p. 37.
44 Burchett HED, Mayhew SH, Lavis JN, Dobrow MJ. When can research from one setting be useful in another? Understanding perceptions of the applicability and transferability of research. Health Promotion International. 2012; 28( 3): 418 – 430. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1093 / heapro / das026.
45 Koshy K, Fowler AJ, Gundogan B, Agha RA. Peer review in scholarly publishing – part A: why do it? International Journal of Surgery: Oncology. 2018; 3( 2): 56. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1097 / IJ9.0000000000000056.
46 RCVS. Code of Professional Conduct for Veterinary Nurses. Available from: https:// www. rcvs. org. uk / setting-standards / adviceand-guidance / code-of-professional-conduct-for-veterinarynurses / [ Accessed 28 February 2023 ].
47 Rowles E, McNaughton A. An overview of the evidencebased practice process for novice researchers. Nursing Standard. 2017; 31( 43): 50 – 60. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.7748 / ns. 2017. e10643.
48 Williamson GR, Whittaker A. Succeeding in Literature Reviews & Research Project Plans for Nursing Students. 4th ed. London: SAGE; 2020. p. 92.
49 Harrup AJ, Rooney N. Current welfare state of pet guinea pigs in the UK. Veterinary Record. 2020; 186( 9): 282. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1136 / vr. 105632.
50 Norman R, Wills AP. An investigation into the relationship between owner knowledge, diet, and dental disease in guinea pigs( Cavia porcellus). Animals. 2016; 6( 11): 73. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.3390 / ani6110073.
51 Witkowska A, Price J, Hughes C, Smith D, White K, Alibhai A, et al. The effects of diet on anatomy, physiology and health in the guinea pig. Journal of Animal Health and Behavioural Science. 2017; 1( 1): 103. Available from: https:// www. hilarispublisher. com / openaccess / the-effects-of-diet-on-anatomy-physiology-and-health-inthe-guinea-pig. pdf [ Accessed 26 July 2025 ].
52 Cameron KE, Holder HE, Connor RL. Cross-sectional survey of housing for pet guinea pigs( Cavia porcellus) in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 2022; 70( 4): 228 – 232. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1080 / 00480169.2022.2050320.
53 Schumann K, Guenther A, Jewgenow K, Trillmich, F. Animal housing and welfare: effects of housing conditions on body weight and cortisol in a medium-sized rodent( Cavia aperea). Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 2014; 17( 2): 111 – 124. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1080 / 10888705.2014.884407.
54 Trejo-Sánchez F, Mendoza-Martínez GD, Plata Perez F, Martínez- García J. Villarreal-Espino-Barros OA. Growth of Guinea pigs( Cavia porcellus) with feed for rabbits and supplementation of vitamin C. Revista MVZ Córdoba. 2019; 24( 3): 7286 – 7290. Available from: http:// doi. org / 10.21897 / rmvz. 1384.
55 Bergen N, Labonté R.“ Everything is perfect, and we have no problems”: detecting and limiting social desirability bias in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research. 2019; 30( 5): 783 – 792. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1177 / 1049732319889354.
56 Brenner PS, DeLamater, J. Lies, damned lies, and survey selfreports? Identity as a cause of measurement bias. Social Psychology Quarterly. 2016; 79( 4): 333 – 354. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1177 / 0190272516628298.
57 Jolley J. Introducing Research and Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing and Healthcare Professionals. 3rd ed. Abingdon: Routledge; 2020. p. 130.
58 Barrell GK. An appraisal of methods for measuring welfare of grazing ruminants. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2019; 6: 289. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.3389 / fvets. 2019.00289.
59 Talari K, Goyal M. Retrospective studies – utility and caveats. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 2020; 50( 4): 398 – 402. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.4997 / JRCPE. 2020.409.
60 Festing MFW. The“ completely randomised” and the“ randomised block” are the only experimental designs suitable for widespread use in pre-clinical research. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10: 17577. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1038 / s41598-020-74538-3.
61 King M, Zohny H. Animal researchers shoulder a psychological burden that animal ethics committees ought to address. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2021; 48( 5): 299 – 303. Available from: http:// doi. org / 10.1136 / medethics-2020-106945.
62 Stratton SJ. Population research: convenience sampling strategies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2021; 36( 4): 373 – 374. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1017 / S1049023X21000649.
63 Rees C. Evaluating and appraising evidence to underpin nursing practice. In: Holland K, Rees C.( eds.) Nursing: Evidence-Based Practice Skills. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 167 – 196.
64 Müller J, Clauss M, Codron D, Schulz E, Hummel J, Kircher P, et al. Tooth length and incisal wear and growth in guinea pigs( Cavia porcellus) fed diets of different abrasiveness. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2015; 99( 3): 591 – 604. Available from: https:// doi. org / 10.1111 / jpn. 12226.
Appendix 3( to page 29 of VNJ). Full reference list.
Veterinary Nursing Journal | Volume 40( 5) • October 2025 | EXCLUSIVE DIGITAL CONTENT
9