VNJ Volume 40 (1) February 2025 | Page 29

Plus-Hex CLINICAL
1 . c ) Total and ionised calcium 2 . c ) < 0.8 mmol / l 3 . b ) Bradycardia 4 . d ) All of the above 5 . a ) Create a seizure plan with the VS in charge
REFERENCES
Answers
1 Woods GA , Oikonomidis IL , Gow AG , Tørnqvist-Johnsen C , Boyé P , Chng Y , et al . Investigation of hypomagnesaemia prevalence and underlying aetiology in a hospitalised cohort of dogs with ionised hypocalcaemia . Veterinary Record . 2021 ; 189 ( 9 ): e301 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1002 / vetr . 301 .
2 Holowaychuk MK . Hypocalcemia of critical illness in dogs and cats . Veterinary Clinics of North America : Small Animal Practice . 2013 ; 43 ( 6 ): 1299 – 1317 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . cvsm . 2013.07.008 .
3 Epoc . Veterinary user guide . Blood analysis reference ranges . Available from : https :// www . woodleyequipment . com / docs / epoc _ reference _ ranges . pdf [ Accessed 22 November 2024 ].
4 Coady M , Fletcher DJ , Goggs R . Severity of ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is associated with etiology in dogs and cats . Frontiers in Veterinary Science . 2019 ; 6 : 276 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.3389 / fvets . 2019.00276 .
5 de Brito Galvão JF , Schenck PA , Chew DJ . A quick reference on hypocalcemia . Veterinary Clinics of North America : Small Animal Practice . 2017 ; 27 ( 2 ): 249 – 256 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . cvsm . 2016.10.017 .
6 Tørnqvist-Johnsen C , Schnabel T , Gow AG , Del-Pozo J , Milne E , Macklin V , et al . Investigation of the relationship between ionised and total calcium in dogs with ionised hypercalcaemia . Journal of Small Animal Practice . 2020 ; 61 ( 4 ): 247 – 252 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / jsap . 13109 .
7 Woods GA , Willems A , Hurst E , Mellanby RJ . Epileptic seizure in a cocker spaniel associated with hypocalcaemia , hypovitaminosis D and a protein-losing enteropathy . Vet Record Case Reports . 2019 ; 7 ( 2 ): e000813 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1136 / vetreccr-2019-000813 .
8 Whitehead J , Quimby J , Bayliss D . Seizures associated with hypocalcemia in a Yorkshire terrier with protein-losing enteropathy . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association . 2015 ; 51 ( 6 ): 380 – 384 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.5326 / JAAHA-MS-6205 .
9 Warland J , Skelly B , Knudsen C , Herrtage M . Apparent resolution of canine primary hypoparathyroidism with immunosuppressive treatment . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine . 2015 ; 29 ( 1 ): 400 – 404 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / jvim . 12535 .
10 Cardoso MJL , Melussi M , Costa FS , Fagnani R , Holsback L , Zacarias Júnior A , et al . Canine hypoparathyroidism : case report . Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia . 2015 ; 67 ( 2 ): 353 – 357 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1590 / 1678-6814 .
11 Lulich JP , Osborne CA , Thumchai R , Lekcharoensu , C , Ulrich L , Koehler LA , et al . Epidemiology of canine calcium oxalate uroliths : identifying risk factors . Veterinary Clinics of North America : Small Animal Practice . 1999 ; 29 ( 1 ): 113 – 122 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / S0195-5616 ( 99 ) 50007-7 .
12 Schenck PA , Chew DJ . Investigation of hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia . In : Mooney CT , Peterson ME . ( eds .) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology . 4th ed . Gloucester : BSAVA ; 2012 . p . 221 – 233 .
13 Aldridge P , O ' Dwyer L . Monitoring the critical patient . In : Practical Emergency and Critical Care Veterinary Nursing . Chichester : John Wiley & Sons ; 2013 . p . 9 – 16 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1002 / 9781118782873 . ch2 .
14 Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons . Code of Professional Conduct for Veterinary Nurses . 2023 . Available from : https :// www . rcvs . org . uk / setting-standards / advice-and-guidance / code-of-professionalconduct-for-veterinary-nurses / [ Accessed 1 May 2023 ].
15 Savino E , Sierra L . Team approach to the critically ill patient – the role of the veterinary nurse . In : King LG , Boag A . ( eds .) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care . 3rd ed . Gloucester : BSAVA ; 2018 . p . 403 – 411 .
16 Darbo H , Page C . Veterinary nursing care . In : Kirby R , Linklater A . ( eds .) Monitoring and Intervention for the Critically Ill Small Animal : The Rule of 20 . Ames : John Wiley & Sons ; 2016 . p . 349 – 372 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1002 / 9781118923870 . ch20 .
17 Nigusse AB , Malengier B , Mengistie DA , Maru A , Van Langenhove L . Investigating textile-based electrodes for ECG monitoring in veterinary clinical practice . Autex Research Journal . 2022 ; 23 ( 4 ): 551 – 559 Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.2478 / aut-2022-0027 .
18 Ferasin L , Amodio A , Murray JK . Validation of 2 techniques for electrocardiographic recording in dogs and cats . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine . 2006 ; 20 ( 4 ): 873 – 876 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1939-1676.2006 . tb01800 . x .
19 Scales C . Practical ECGs . In : Clancy N . ( ed .) The Veterinary Nurse ' s Practical Guide to Small Animal Anaesthesia . Hoboken : Wiley ; 2023 . p . 113 – 138 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1002 / 9781119717027 . ch8 .
20 Taylor S . How to use and maintain anaesthesia monitors . The Veterinary Nurse . 2016 ; 7 ( 4 ): 232 – 237 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.12968 / vetn . 2016.7.4.232 .
21 Luschini MA , Fletcher DJ , Schoeffler GL . Incidence of ionized hypocalcemia in septic dogs and its association with morbidity and mortality : 58 cases ( 2006 – 2007 ). Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care . 2010 ; 20 ( 4 ): 406 – 412 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1476-4431.2010.00553 . x .
22 McMichael M , Herring J , Fletcher DJ , Boller M , Barr J , Corsi R , et al . RECOVER evidence and knowledge gap analysis on veterinary CPR . Part 2 : Preparedness and prevention . Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care . 2012 ; 22 ( Suppl 1 ): S13 – S25 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1476-4431.2012.00752 . x .
23 Mathis A . Preparing and training for CPR . In Practice . 2019 ; 41 ( 2 ): 50 – 56 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1136 / inp . k5125 .
24 Hooper E . Nursing the seizure patient . The Veterinary Nurse . 2021 ; 12 ( 6 ): 280 – 285 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.12968 / vetn . 2021.12.6.280 .
25 Sines D . Seizures in companion animals . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2018 ; 33 ( 1 ): 26 – 29 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 1741534 9.2017.1387413 .
26 Phillips S . The seizuring canine patient . The Veterinary Nurse . 2019 ; 10 ( 6 ): 313 – 317 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.12968 / vetn . 2019.10.6.313 .
27 Holowaychuk MK , Martin LG . Review of hypocalcemia in septic patients . Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care . 2007 ; 17 ( 4 ): 348 – 358 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / j . 1476-4431.2007.00246 . x .
28 Arbaugh M , Smeak D , Monnet E . Evaluation of preoperative serum concentrations of ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone as predictors of hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism : 17 cases ( 2001 – 2009 ). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association . 2012 ; 241 ( 2 ): 233 – 236 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.2460 / javma . 241.2.233 .
Volume 40 ( 1 ) • February 2025
29