Blood values such as PCV , TP and electrolytes should also be checked at least daily in patients receiving fluids [ 37 ] . The VN can also monitor urine output to assess the adequacy of fluid therapy ; if a urinary catheter has not been placed , the VN can weigh urine-soaked bedding , although this is a less accurate method [ 37 ] .
The VN should pay particular attention to the patient ' s blood pressure . A mean arterial pressure of 80 – 100 mmHg is recommended to maintain cerebral perfusion [ 26 ] . Hypertension alongside bradycardia suggests the presence of increased ICP , which can occur as a consequence of status epilepticus and can affect brain function [ 38 ] . In this situation , immediate action should be taken to reduce ICP , including the administration of hyperosmolar agents such as mannitol or hypertonic saline , which remove water from cerebral tissue [ 27 ] . To prevent increased ICP , the VN can elevate the patient ' s head to promote jugular venous drainage , avoid jugular venepuncture and minimise environmental stimulation .
Conclusions
The VN plays a significant role in caring for the hospitalised patient . This often includes the provision of respiratory support , neurological monitoring and fluid therapy .
The emergency patient requires intensive nursing care , but the dedicated VN can significantly influence patient wellbeing and assist recovery from illness .
Acknowledgements
This article was produced as part of the author ' s BSc veterinary nursing studies at the Royal Veterinary College .
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