REFERENCES
1 Barros VR , Bezerra JAB , Bochnakian MS , de Paula VV , Filgueira KD . Epidemiology of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in a veterinary teaching hospital . Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal . 2017 ; 11 ( 2 ): 151 – 160 . Available from : http :// www . higieneanimal . ufc . br / seer / index . php / higieneanimal / article / view / 389 / 2173 [ Accessed 20 April , 2024 ].
2 Phillips T . Feline immunodeficiency virus . In : Bruyette DS . ( ed .) Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine . Hoboken : Wiley ; 2020 . p . 883 – 885 .
3 Ravi M , Wobeser GA , Taylor SM , Jackson ML . Naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) infection in cats from western Canada : prevalence , disease associations , and survival analysis . Canadian Veterinary Journal . 2010 ; 51 ( 3 ): 271 – 276 . Available from : https :// www . ncbi . nlm . nih . gov / pmc / articles / PMC2822370 / [ Accessed 20 April 2024 ].
4 Stavisky J , Dean RS , Molloy MH . Prevalence of and risk factors for FIV and FeLV infection in two shelters in the United Kingdom ( 2011 – 2012 ). Veterinary Record . 2017 ; 181 ( 17 ): 451 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1136 / vr . 103857 .
5 Miller C , Abdo Z , Ericsson A , Elder J , VandeWoude , S . Applications of the FIV model to study HIV pathogenesis . Viruses . 2018 ; 10 ( 4 ): 206 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.3390 / v10040206 .
6 Sadri Nahand J , Bokharaei‐Salim F , Karimzadeh M , Moghoofei M , Karampoor S , Mirzaei H , et al . MicroRNAs and exosomes : key players in HIV pathogenesis . HIV Medicine . 2020 ; 21 ( 4 ): 246 – 278 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / hiv . 12822 .
7 Wu H , Wang W , Naiyer N , Fichtenbaum E , Qualley DF , McCauley MJ , et al . Single aromatic residue location alters nucleic acid binding and chaperone function of FIV nucleocapsid protein . Virus Research . 2014 ; 193 : 39 – 51 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . virusres . 2014.06.002 .
8 Kolenda-Roberts HM , Kuhnt LA , Jennings RN , Mergia A , Gengozian N , Johnson CM . Immunopathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in the fetal and neonatal cat . Frontiers in Bioscience . 2007 ; 12 ( 10 ): 3668 – 3682 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.2741 / 2343 .
9 Koç BT , Oğuzoğlu TÇ . A phylogenetic study of feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) among domestic cats in Turkey . Comparative Immunology , Microbiology and Infectious Diseases . 2020 ; 73 : 101544 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . cimid . 2020.101544 .
10 Miller C , Boegler K , Carver S , MacMillan M , Bielefeldt-Ohmann H , VandeWoude S . Pathogenesis of oral FIV infection . PLOS ONE . 2017 ; 12 ( 9 ): e0185138 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1371 / journal . pone . 0185138 .
11 Murphy B , Vapniarsky N , Hillman C , Castillo D , McDonnel S , Moore P , et al . FIV establishes a latent infection in feline peripheral blood CD4 + T lymphocytes in vivo during the asymptomatic phase of infection . Retrovirology . 2012 ; 9 : 12 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1186 / 1742-4690-9-12 .
12 Wang W , Cai Y , Li J , Gui Z . Periodic behavior in a FIV model with seasonality as well as environment fluctuations . Journal of the Franklin Institute . 2017 ; 354 ( 16 ): 7410 – 7428 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . jfranklin . 2017.08.034 .
13 Biezus G , Machado G , Ferian PE , da Costa UM , Pereira LHHDS , Withoeft JA , et al . Prevalence of and factors associated with feline leukemia virus ( FeLV ) and feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) in cats of the state of Santa Catarina , Brazil . Comparative Immunology , Microbiology and Infectious Diseases . 2019 ; 63 : 17 – 21 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . cimid . 2018.12.004 .
14 Power C . Neurologic disease in feline immunodeficiency virus infection : disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for neuroAIDS . Journal of NeuroVirology . 2018 ; 24 ( 2 ): 220 – 228 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1007 / s13365-017-0593-1 .
15 Munhoz AD , Hage SB , Cruz RDS , Calazans APF , Silva FL , Albuquerque GR , et al . Toxoplasmosis in cats in northeastern Brazil : frequency , associated factors and coinfection with Neospora caninum , feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus . Veterinary Parasitology : Regional Studies and Reports . 2017 ; 8 : 35 – 38 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vprsr . 2017.01.007 .
16 Coats KS , Boudreaux CE , Clay BT , Lockett NN , Scott VL . Placental immunopathology in the FIV-infected cat : a role for inflammation in compromised pregnancy ? Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology . 2010 ; 134 ( 1 – 2 ): 39 – 47 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . vetimm . 2009.10.007 .
17 Szilasi A , Dénes L , Krikó E , Heenemann K , Ertl R , Mándoki M , et al . Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Hungary . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports . 2019 ; 5 ( 2 ): 2055116919892094 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 2055116919892094 .
18 Gates MC , Vigeant S , Dale A . Prevalence and risk factors for cats testing positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus infection in cats entering an animal shelter in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal . 2017 ; 65 ( 6 ): 285 – 291 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 00480169.2017.1348266 .
19 Howe L . Current perspectives on the optimal age to spay / castrate dogs and cats . Veterinary Medicine : Research and Reports . 2015:6 : 171 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.2147 / VMRR . S53264 .
20 Kilgour RJ , Magle SB , Slater M , Christian A , Weiss E , DiTullio M . Estimating free-roaming cat populations and the effects of one year Trap-Neuter-Return management effort in a highly urban area . Urban Ecosystems . 2017 ; 20 ( 1 ): 207 – 216 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1007 / s11252-016-0583-8 .
21 Cafazzo S , Bonanni R , Natoli E . Neutering effects on social behaviour of urban unowned free-roaming domestic cats . Animals . 2019 ; 9 ( 12 ): 1105 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.3390 / ani9121105 .
22 Ferreira GA , Machado JC , Nakano-Oliveira E , Andriolo A , Genaro G . The effect of castration on home range size and activity patterns of domestic cats living in a natural area in a protected area on a Brazilian island . Applied Animal Behaviour Science . 2020 ; 230 : 105049 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . applanim . 2020.105049 .
38 Veterinary Nursing Journal