13 O ’ Dwyer L . Nursing notes : pre-surgery fasting and anaesthesia . Vet Times . 2016 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / app / uploads / wp-post-to-pdf-enhanced-cache / 1 / nursing-notes-presurgery-fasting-and-anaesthesia . pdf [ Accessed 23 November 2022 ].
14 Woodlands C . Perioperative care of the brachycephalic patient and surgical management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome . The Veterinary Nurse . 2018 . Available from : https :// www . theveterinarynurse . com / review / article / perioperative-careof-the-brachycephalic-patient-and-surgical-management-ofbrachycephalic-obstructive-airway-syndrome [ Accessed 23 November 2022 ].
15 Guzel T , Mirowska-Guzel D . The role of serotonin neurotransmission in gastrointestinal tract and pharmacotherapy . Molecules . 2022 ; 27 ( 5 ): 1680 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.3390 / molecules27051680 .
16 Ackerman N . To feed or not to feed ? Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2006 ; 21 ( 1 ): 18 – 20 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349 . 2006.11013435 .
17 Hoad J . Immediate postoperative recovery – Part 1 . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2013 ; 28 ( 2 ): 44 – 46 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / vnj . 12009 .
18 Purina ( 2022 ) Early enteral nutrition : best practice in post-operative feeding . Vet Times . 2022 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / early-enteral-nutrition-best-practice-in-postoperative-feeding / [ Accessed 9 December 2023 ].
19 Flores Dueñas CA , Gaxiola Camacho SM , Montaño Gómez MF , Villa Angulo R , Enríquez Verdugo I , Rentería Evangelista T , et al . ( 2021 ) The effect of short term peripheral parenteral nutrition on treatment outcomes and mortality in critically ill pediatric canine patients . Irish Veterinary Journal . 2021 ; 74 : 15 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1186 / s13620-021-00194-2 .
20 Castro JLC , Santalucia S , Ferreira AA , dos Santos Moratelli CB , Castro VSP , de Abreu Oliveira AL , et al . Determining the optimal time of gastric emptying in cats using dry or wet food . Acta Scientiae Veterinariae . 2016 ; 44 ( 1 ): 6 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.22456 / 1679-9216.80958 .
21 Shellim C . Pre-operative preparation . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2007 ; 22 ( 9 ): 26 – 39 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 1741534 9.2007.11013613 .
22 Gerrard E . Perioperative pet care – preparing the patient and yourself . VN Times . 2019 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / perioperative-pet-care-preparing-the-patient-andyourself / [ Accessed 1 November 2022 ].
23 Savvas I , Raptopoulos D , Rallis T . A “ light meal ” three hours preoperatively decreases the incidence of gastro-esophageal reflux in dogs . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association . 2016 ; 52 ( 6 ): 357 – 363 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.5326 / JAAHA-MS-6399 .
24 Sharman G . Managing anaesthesia – a veterinary nurse ’ s role throughout . VN Times . 2021 ; 21 ( 8 ): 6 – 7 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / managing-anaesthesia-a-veterinary-nursesrole-throughout-cpdanaesthesia / [ Accessed 15 December 2023 ].
25 Sanchez FV ( 2021 ) Gastrointestinal disorders in dogs . Vet Times . 2021 ; 51 ( 9 ): 6 – 11 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / gastrointestinal-disorders-in-dogs / [ Accessed 9 December 2023 ].
26 Tennant BJ . Nutrition of critically ill and debilitated small animals . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 1991 ; 6 ( 6 ): 173 – 177 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.1991.11012399 .
27 Chandler M ( 2018 ) Pet probiotics – application in vet practice . VN Times . 2018 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / pet-probiotics-application-in-vet-practice / [ Accessed 9 December 2023 ].
28 Ackerman N . Critical care nutrition for exotics . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2005 ; 20 ( 4 ): 14 – 16 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.2005.11013337 .
29 Collins S . The importance of nutrition in the post-operative recovery of cats and dogs . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2016 ; 31 ( 8 ): 233 – 236 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.2016 . 1194637 .
30 Badger S , Richmond M ( 2007 ) Critical nutrition . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2007 ; 22 ( 4 ): 15 – 18 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.2007.11013569 .
31 Collins S . The role of nutrition in the management of cats and dogs with renal disease . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2016 ; 31 ( 8 ): 237 – 240 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.2016.1194634 .
32 Hoad J . Immediate postoperative recovery – Part 2 . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2013 ; 28 ( 3 ): 86 – 88 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / vnj . 12018 .
33 O ’ Dwyer L . Nutrition for trauma patients : a critical recovery ingredient . VN Times . 2017 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / nutrition-for-trauma-patients-a-critical-recoveryingredient / [ Accessed 1 November 2022 ].
34 Taylor S , Chan DL , Villaverde C , Ryan L , Peron F , Quimby J , et al . ( 2022 ) ISFM Consensus Guidelines on Management of the Inappetent Hospitalised Cat . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2022 ; 24 ( 7 ): 614 – 640 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X221106353 .
35 Ackerman N . Critical care nutrition of small animals . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2005 ; 20 ( 8 ): 23 – 26 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.2005.11013390 .
36 O ’ Dwyer L . Nursing notes : refeeding syndrome . VN Times . 2017 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / nursing-notesrefeeding-syndrome / [ Accessed 1 November 2022 ].
37 Cook S , Whitby E , Elias N , Hall G , Chan DL . Retrospective evaluation of refeeding syndrome in cats : 11 cases ( 2013 – 2019 ). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2021 ; 23 ( 10 ): 883 – 891 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X20979706 .
38 Herbert MK , Holzer P , Roewer N . ( eds .) Problems of the Gastrointestinal tract in Anaesthesia , the Perioperative Period , and Intensive Care . Berlin : Springer ; 1999 .
39 Mancinelli E . Mammal and bird gut-brain axis . Vet Times . 2018 . Available from : https :// www . vettimes . co . uk / article / mammal-andbird-gut-brain-axis / [ Accessed 1 November 2022 ].
40 Barwick R . Rabbit nutrition . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2000 ; 15 ( 3 ): 94 – 100 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.2000 . 11013033 .
41 Deflers H , Gandar F , Bolen G , Detilleux J , Sandersen C , Marlier D . Effects of a single opioid dose on gastrointestinal motility in rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ): comparisons among morphine , butorphanol , and tramadol . Veterinary Sciences . 2022 ; 9 ( 1 ): 28 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.3390 / vetsci9010028 .
42 Feldman ER , Singh B , Mishkin NG , Lachenauer ER , Martin-Flores M , Daugherity EK . Effects of cisapride , buprenorphine , and their combination on gastrointestinal transit in New Zealand White rabbits . Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science . 2021 ; 60 ( 2 ): 221 – 228 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.30802 / AALAS-JAALAS-20-000064 .
43 Spencer C . Feeding hospitalised patients for a speedy recovery . Veterinary Nursing Journal . 2009 ; 24 ( 7 ): 26 – 28 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1080 / 17415349.2009.11013108 .
44 Veterinary Nursing Journal