Plus-Hex CLINICAL
Assessment of learning
1 . What percentage of the feline population is affected by cardiomyopathy ?
( a ) 2 % ( b ) 15 % ( c ) 33 % ( d ) 70 %
2 . What is a primary consideration when admitting feline patients with suspected heart failure ?
( a ) To place an IV cannula .
( b ) To perform a full physical examination including temperature .
( c ) To place the patient in a quiet oxygen kennel .
( d ) To perform diagnostic tests , including three view thoracic radiographs .
3 . What is the definition of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype ?
( a ) Increased left ventricular wall thickness with no left ventricular dilation .
( b ) Decreased left ventricular wall thickness with left ventricular dilation .
( c ) Normal left ventricular wall thickness with atrial enlargement .
( d ) Right ventricular dilation .
4 . What factors may result in a patient with cardiomyopathy deteriorating into heart failure ?
5 . When should owners monitor respiratory rates at home ?
( a ) Every hour . ( b ) Immediately after medication .
( c ) When the patient is sleeping or resting with no disturbances .
( d ) Once every 2 months .
5 . ( c ) When the patient is sleeping or resting with no disturbances .
4 . Answers could include : stress , anaesthesia , glucocorticosteroids , intravenous fluid administration
3 . ( a ) Increased left ventricular wall thickness with no left ventricular dilation .
1 Payne JR , Brodbelt DC , Luis Fuentes V . Cardiomyopathy prevalence in 780 apparently healthy cats in rehoming centres ( the CatScan study ). Journal of Veterinary Cardiology . 2015 ; 17 ( Suppl 1 ): S244 – S257 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . jvc . 2015.03.008 .
2 O ’ Neill DG , Church DB , McGreevy PD , Thomson PC , Brodbelt DC . Longevity and mortality of cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2014 ; 17 ( 2 ): 125 – 133 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X1453617 .
3 Luis Fuentes V , Abbott J , Chetboul V , Côté E , Fox PR , Häggström J , et al . ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification , diagnosis , and management of cardiomyopathies in cats . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine . 2020 ; 34 ( 3 ): 1062 – 1077 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / jvim . 15745 .
4 Campbell FE . Diagnostic strategy in cardiac disease . In : WSAVA Congress Proceedings 2013 . Available from : https :// www . vin . com / doc /? id = 5709746 [ Accessed 18 June 2023 ].
5 Kittleson MD . Management of heart failure . In : Kittleson MD , Kienle RD . ( eds .) Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine . St . Louis : Mosby ; 1998 . p . 149 – 195 .
6 Chetboul V , Concordet D , Pouchelon JL , Athanassiadis N , Muller C , Benigni L , et al . Effects of inter- and intra-observer variability on echocardiographic measurements in awake cats . Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A . 2003 ; 50 ( 6 ): 326 – 331 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1046 / j . 1439-0442.2003.00546 . x .
7 Hogan DF , Fox PR , Jacob K , Keene B , Laste NJ , Rosenthal S , et al . Secondary prevention of cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism in the cat : the double-blind , randomized , positive-controlled feline arterial thromboembolism ; clopidogrel vs . aspirin trial ( FAT CAT ). Journal of Veterinary Cardiology . 2015 ; 17 ( Suppl 1 ): S306 – 317 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . jvc . 2015.10.004 .
8 Taylor S , Caney S , Bessant C , Gunn-Moore D . Online survey of owners ’ experiences of medicating their cats at home . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2022 ; 24 ( 12 ): 1283 – 293 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X221083752 .
9 Kittleson MD , Côté E . The feline cardiomyopathies : 2 . Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2021 ; 23 ( 11 ): 1028 – 1051 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X211020162 .
10 Kittleson MD , Côté E . The feline cardiomyopathies : 3 . Cardiomyopathies other than HCM . Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery . 2021 ; 23 ( 11 ): 1053 – 1067 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1177 / 1098612X211030218 .
11 Sisson DD , Ettinger SJ . The physical examination . In : Fox PR , Sisson D , Moise NS . ( eds .) Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology : Principles and Clinical Practice . 2nd ed . Philadelphia : W . B . Saunders ; 1999 . p . 46 – 65 .
12 Astrada A . Feline gallop sound . Available from : https :// www . cliniciansbrief . com / cardiac-library / heart-sound / feline-gallopsound [ accessed 6 January 2023 ].
13 Fox PR , Keene BW , Lamb K , Schober KA , Chetboul V , Luis Fuentes V , et al . International collaborative study to assess cardiovascular risk and evaluate long-term health in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apparently healthy cats : the REVEAL study . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine . 2018 ; 32 ( 3 ): 930 – 943 . Available from : https :// doi . org / 10.1111 / jvim . 15122 .
14 MacDonald K . Feline cardiomyopathy . In : Smith FWK , Tilley LP , Oyama MA , Sleeper MM . ( eds .) Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology . 5th ed . St Louis : Elsevier ; 2016 . p . 153 – 180 .
Answers
1 . ( b ) 15 % 2 . ( c ) To place the patient in a quiet oxygen kennel .
REFERENCES
Volume 38 ( 4 ) • August 2023
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